Celiac disease is a chronic immune-mediated intestinal disorder that develops in genetically predisposed individuals in response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and, in some cases, oats. Gluten consumption causes inflammation and villous atrophy in the intestinal mucosa, leading to malabsorption of nutrients and deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals such as iron, folate, and calcium. The disease may present with a variety of symptoms, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss, anemia, fatigue, and growth retardation.
In some individuals, gastrointestinal complaints may be absent, and the disease may present solely with laboratory findings or extraintestinal symptoms such as osteoporosis or infertility. Due to its diverse and sometimes atypical or asymptomatic manifestations, the diagnosis rate remains low. It is estimated that only about 10% of individuals with celiac disease are diagnosed.
The only effective treatment for celiac disease is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. This requires the complete elimination of wheat, barley, rye, and their derivatives from the diet. Bread, pasta, bulgur, semolina, various baked goods, malt-based beverages, and processed foods with hidden gluten sources (e.g., sauces, instant soups, frozen meals) must be avoided. Therefore, developing label-reading skills is crucial in managing the disease.
In Türkiye, a comprehensive public health approach has been adopted through the “Control Program for Adult Metabolic Diseases (Thyroid, Osteoporosis, Gout) and Celiac Disease (2019–2023),” led by the Ministry of Health. The program’s core objectives regarding celiac disease include:
Increasing awareness among healthcare professionals and the general public,
Promoting early diagnosis through enhanced screening and laboratory capacity,
Improving access to gluten-free products in public institutions, schools, hospitals, and social facilities,
Disseminating diagnostic and management guidelines for healthcare providers,
Strengthening patient monitoring systems to ensure regular follow-up.
In addition, the Social Security Institution provides financial support for medical nutrition therapy in individuals diagnosed with celiac disease. Upon submission of relevant medical documents, individuals are eligible to receive a monthly cash allowance to help cover the higher costs of gluten-free products—an essential support for sustaining proper dietary management.
Through such programs and support mechanisms, the aim is to enhance the quality of life for individuals with celiac disease, facilitate access to healthcare services, and promote healthy living behaviors across society. Working in integration with other metabolic disease strategies, this initiative offers a holistic and sustainable framework for public health improvement.
Every year, May 9 is commemorated as World Celiac Day to raise awareness about this chronic condition that affects millions globally. This special day underscores the importance of public awareness, early diagnosis, and comprehensive support for those living with celiac disease.
