NOBEL PRIZES FOR 2021 HAVE BEEN DISTRIBUTED

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm announced that David Card, Joshua Angrist, and Guido Imbens will share the 2021 Nobel Prize in Economics.Card of the University of California, Berkeley, received half of the prize for her research on "the effects of minimum wage, immigration, and education on the labor market."

The other half of the award went to Angrist and Imbens for "demonstrating how definitive conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn from natural experiments."Five Nobel Prizes were awarded, including the Nobel Peace Prize, which was given to Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov, two journalists from the Philippines and Russia who produce independent news stories.

David Julius and Ardem Patapoutia were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Monday for their discoveries about how humans perceive heat, cold, and touch.Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi were honored in Physics  for their contributions to "our understanding of complex systems."The chemistry award was given to German chemist Benjamin List and British-born David MacMillan on Wednesday for their discovery of asymmetric organocatalysis, which helps make "chemistry greener."
The Nobel Prize in Literature was given to novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah on Thursday for "his irreconcilable and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents."